Inhalt: Preface Information about COST Published volumes resulting from COST Action A21 Series Editors Preface Notes on Contributors 1. To go to law or not to go to law: regulating restorative justice Ivo Aertsen and David Miers 2. On the social theory of restorative justice Jiří Přibáň 3. Restorative justice developments in Austria Marianne Hilf 4. Restorative justice in Belgium Tinneke Van Camp and Vicky De Souter 5. Bulgaria on the road to restorative justice and victim-offender mediation Dobrinka Chankova and Emilia Staninska 6. A comparative study of national legislation: Finland Aarne Kinnunen, Juhani Iivari, Päivi Honkatukia, Aune Flinck and Johanna Seppälä 7. Restorative justice in France: a hard fight against penal logic Jacques Faget 8. Restorative justice developments in Germany Michael Kilchling 9. Restorative justice and victim-offender mediation in Hungary Borbala Fellegi, Edit Törzs and Edit Velez 10. Restorative justice and victim-offender mediation in Israel Mally Shechory, Sarah Ben David and Beni R. Jakob 11. The mediation and restorative justice movement in Poland Maria Nielaczna 12. Restorative justice and victim-offender mediation in Romania Doina Balahur 13. Comparative study of national legislation: the case of Slovenia Marko Bošnjak 14. Restorative justice in Spain: criminal legislation affecting juveniles and adults Anna Vall Rius 15. Victim-offender mediation in Turkey: legislation, practice and policy debates Galma Jahic, Asuman Aytekin Inceoğlu and Ulas Karan 16. Restorative justice and victim-offender mediation in the United Kingdom David Miers 17. Restorative justice: a comparative analysis of legislative provision in Europe David Miers and Ivo Aertsen

Foreword and Acknowledgements COST, the European Science Foundation, and the EU RTD Framework Programme Series Editors Preface Notes on the contributors Introduction Christa Pelikan Restorative justice and society 1. Beyond restorative justice – Zwelethemba, a future-focused model using local capacity conflict resolution Jan Froestad and Clifford Shearing 2. The place of restorative justice in society: making sense of developments in time and space Christa Pelikan 3. Governmentality and new governance: implications for restorative justice Joséphine Contu 4. Community, society and state in restorative justice: an exploration Inge Vanfraechem Restorative justice and law 5. Some thoughts on the relationship between restorative justice and the criminal law

Contents Tables 1. Introduction 2. Paedophilia 2.1 Types of paedophiles 2.2 Types of paedophiliac child sexual abuser 2.3 Female paedophiles 2.4 Prevalence 2.5 Aetiology 2.6 Legal classification 2.7 Treatment 3. Stigma 3.1 The stigmatisation process 3.2 Types of stigma 3.3 Functions of stigma 3.4 Consequences of stigma 3.5 Sympathetic others 4. Questionnaire 4.1 Questionnaire structure 4.2 Measures 4.3 Research questions 4.4 Sample 5. Results 5.1 Stereotyping 5.2 Nonfactual assumptions 5.3 Negative emotions towards paedophilia 5.4 Separation of ‘us and them’ 5.5 Direct discrimination 5.6 Structural discrimination 5.7 Origin, course, and peril of paedophilia 5.8 Estimates 6. The stigmatisation of paedophiles 6.1 Degree of stigmatisation by German students 6.2 Degree of stigmatisation by British students 6.3 Comparing the degrees of stigmatisation 6.4 Classification of paedophiles 7. Cross-national differences 7.1 Cultural aspects of paedophilia 7.2 Societal aspects of paedophilia 7.3 The interrelation of paedophile and societal factors 7.4 The label of paedophilia 7.5 International guideline concerning paedophilia 8. Conclusion 9. Bibliography APPENDIXES A Questionnaire (in German and English) B Demographic data C Percentage distribution and means of German and British answers D Differences of the means concerning demographic data

Inhalt:

1 Concept of Unions and Communities
1.1 Competences and Typology
1.2 Enhanced Cooperation
1.3 Security Union
1.4 Common Security and Defence Policy

2 Scope of Fundamental Rights Protection
2.1 Values
2.2 CFR
2.3 ECHR
2.4 Relation of Fundamental Rights to Human Rights, the Internal Market, and the AFSJ
2.5 Binding Effect
2.6 Relation to Domestic Provisions
2.7 CoE, EU, and the Courts

3 Material Scope of (not only) Citizens' Rights
3.1 Of People s Rights and Citizens Rights
3.2 Provisions of the CFR
3.3 Provisions of the TFEU
3.4 Non-discrimination under the TFEU
3.5 Impacts on the AFSJ

4 Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
4.1 Internal and External Dimension
4.2 Cooperation in Criminal Matters
4.3 Law Enforcement Cooperation
4.4 Border Dimension
4.5 Relations to International Organisations
4.6 Mandate
4.7 Policy Areas
4.8 Mandate of Europol

5 Putting the Security Union to Practice
5.1 Security Strategy and Programmes
5.2 Policy Cycles
5.3 Institutions and Mechanisms
5.4 Instruments
5.5 IT Tools
5.6 Prüm Convention
5.7 EEAS and the AFSJ, and beyond to come
5.8 Bilateral Cooperation

Inhalt: Legal Basis and Approaches of Police Oversight and Restorative Justice Police Oversight –Review of International Studies Joachim Kersten Police Complaint Systems Hartmut Aden Approaches of Restorative Justice for Dealing with Conflicts between the African Minority and the Police in Austria Elisabeth Frankus & Hemma Mayrhofer The Hungarian Police System and its Oversight Erik Uszkiewicz Complaint Procedures and Restorative Justice Solutions for Conflicts between Police and Turkish Minority People Navina Kunz, Catharina Decker, Joachim Kersten & Ansgar Burchard Turning police oversight into action: Best Practice Approaches of Restorative Justice and Police Oversight Fostering Dialogue between Police and Ethnic Minority Citizens Restorative Justice and the policing of indigenous people in Australia Steve James Project “Cooperation for public safety – Police and Immigrants in open discussion” Heidrun Hassel The Internal Audit Section of Berlin Police Melanie Ernst The Austrian Human Rights Advisory Board: Preventing unethical use of police force with regard to restorative justice principles Bernd Bürger & Catharina Decker Author Biographies  

PREFACE TO 2007 REPORT THE BASIC IDEA CEPOL’S INITIATIVES IN THE FIELD OF POLICE SCIENCE AND RESEARCH STARTING POINT FOR THE ‘EUROPEAN APPROACH TO POLICE SCIENCE’ PROJECT EXPECTATIONS TIME FRAME VISION POSTSCRIPTUM (2009) INTRODUCTION CHANGING WORLD: POLICE SCIENCE IN A COMPLEX SOCIETY POLICE TRAINING INCLUDING RESEARCH FINDINGS DISCUSSIONS ON POLICE SCIENCE POLICE SCIENCE OR POLICE STUDIES? INDEPENDENCE OF SCIENCE: RESEARCH FOR THE POLICE, OR ABOUT THE POLICE? THE COMPOSITION OF THIS STUDY THE EXPERT GROUP’S WORKING PROCEDURES POLICE SCIENCE: A WORKING DEFINITION CHAPTER 1: HISTORY OF POLICE SCIENCE – THE SEMANTIC SHIFT OF POLICE SCIENCE INTRODUCTION POLIZEIWISSENSCHAFT (POLICE SCIENCE) FRENCH POLICE SCIENCE THE NEW POLICE SCIENCE FROM POLICE SCIENCE TO POLICE POWER CONCLUDING REMARKS POLICE SCIENCE (IN HANDBOOKS) SCIENTIFIC POLICING — FROM LOMBROSO TO CRIMINAL POLICING POLICE SCIENCE IN THE MODERN SENSE EVALUATION CHAPTER 2: CORE TOPICS AND DISCOURSES OF POLICE SCIENCE THE HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENTS OF THE POLICE AND POLICING POLITICS AND POLICING THE ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE POLICE STRATEGIES AND STYLES OF POLICING POLICE ORGANISATIONS AND MANAGEMENT POLICING DIVERSITY: DISCRIMINATION AND DISCRETION POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY, INTEGRITY AND CORRUPTION EVALUATING METHODS OF POLICING AND CRIME PREVENTION POLICING SPECIFIC CRIME TYPES THE FUTURE OF POLICING IN A POST-MODERN AND GLOBALISED SOCIETY CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 3: POLICE SCIENCE — A PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE APPROACH POLICE SCIENCE POLICE SCIENCE AND METHODOLOGY POLICE SCIENCES AND POLICE PRACTITIONERS FINAL REFLECTION CHAPTER 4: FROM POLICE SCIENCE TO THE SCIENCE OF POLICING INTRODUCTION THE POLICE/POLICING BALANCE A MIXED ECONOMY OF POLICING: THE UK EXAMPLE THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND COMMUNITY AS COMMISSIONERS OF POLICING THE STATE AS COMMISSIONER OF POLICING PROVIDED BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR,NGOS AND THE PUBLIC VOLUNTEER POLICE OFFICERS NEIGHBOURHOOD WATCH THE STATE AS COMMISSIONER AND PROVIDER OF POLICING POLICE COMMUNITY SUPPORT OFFICERS NEIGHBOURHOOD WARDENS DISCUSSION SUMMARY CHAPTER 5: POLICE SCIENCE, POLICE EDUCATION, AND POLICE TRAINING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE CASE FOR SEPARATING TRAINING AND EDUCATION THE CASE FOR INTEGRATING TRAINING AND EDUCATION EUROPEAN SYSTEMS OF POLICE EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF POLICE SCIENCE TO POLICE EDUCATION THE CONTRIBUTION OF POLICE SCIENCE TO POLICE TRAINING RESEARCHING POLICE EDUCATION AND TRAINING AS PART OF POLICE SCIENCE CONCLUSION CHAPTER 6: A EUROPEAN APPROACH TO POLICE SCIENCE DIFFERENCES AND COMMON VALUES: TOWARDS A EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ISSUES AND METHODS OF A EUROPEAN APPROACH: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES GENERAL BASICS AND KEY QUESTIONS OF POLICE AND POLICING SINGLE ISSUES OF EUROPEAN INTEREST TO BE COMPARED EUROPEAN POLICE COOPERATION THINGS TO DO — ENHANCING THE ACCEPTANCE OF POLICE SCIENCE COMMENTARIES INTRODUCTION TO THE COMMENTS AND PAPERS IN THE SUPPLEMENT CHRISTIAN MOUHANNA (FRANCE) ON ‘HISTORY OF POLICE SCIENCE’ (CHAPTER 1) JEAN-PAUL BRODEUR (CANADA) ON ‘CORE TOPICS OF POLICE SCIENCE’ (CHAPTER 2) OTTO M.J. ADANG (THE NETHERLANDS) ON ‘FROM POLICE SCIENCE TO THE SCIENCE OF POLICING’ (CHAPTER 4) JAROSLAV HOLOMEK (SLOVAK REPUBLIC) ON ‘POLICE SCIENCE, POLICE EDUCATION, AND POLICE TRAINING’ (CHAPTER 5) SANDRAWIJKHUIS &THEO BREKELMANS (THE NETHERLANDS/CEPOL) ON ‘POLICE SCIENCE, POLICE EDUCATION, AND POLICE TRAINING’ (CHAPTER 5) GüNTER STUMMVOLL (AUSTRIA) ON ‘POLICE SCIENCE, POLICE EDUCATION AND POLICE TRAINING’ (CHAPTER 5) REFERENCES THE AUTHORS OF THE PGEAPS-REPORT THE COMMENTATORS ABOUT CEPOL – EUROPEAN POLICE COLLEGE

Inhalt: 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Background 1.2. Purpose and Significance 1.3. Structure 2. The UN Smuggling of Migrants Protocol 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Evolution and Background 2.3. Definitions and Terminology 2.4. Criminal Offences, Article 6 2.5. Aggravations, Article 6(3) 2.6. Exemptions from Criminal Liability; Defences 2.7. Non-Criminalization of Smuggled Migrants, Article 5 2.8. Observations 3. Smuggling of Migrants Offences in European Law 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Evolution and Background 3.3. Definition of ‘Smuggling of Migrants’ 3.4. Criminal Offences 3.5. Aggravations 3.6. Exemptions from Criminal Liability; Defences 3.7. Non-Criminalization of Smuggled Migrants 3.8. Observations 4. Smuggling of Migrants in Austrian Criminal Law 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Evolution and Background 4.3. Definition of ‘Smuggling of Migrants’ 4.4. Criminal Offences 4.5. Aggravating Features 4.6. Exemptions from Criminal Liability; Defences 4.7. Non-Criminalization of Smuggled Migrants, § 114(5) 4.8. Scope of Application, § 114(7) 5. Observations and Conclusions 5.1. Features and Characteristics 5.3. (Non-)Criminalization of Smuggled Migrants 5.4. Concluding remarks Annexes

Inhalt:

1 On the Legal and Commercial Concept of Art
1.1 The Issue at Question
1.2 Of Art and Cultural Property
1.2.1 A Cursory Historic Overview
1.2.2 The European Dimension
1.2.3 On Domestic Definitions
1.3 Categorising the Scope
1.3.1 Categories
1.3.2 What is Everything About, Basically?
1.3.3 A Critical View
1.4 The Commercial Dimension
1.4.1 A biased Public Hand's Interest
1.4.2 Private Sales

2 Policies and Policing in the EU
2.1 About
2.2 AFSJ Dimension
2.2.1 Cross-border Cooperation
2.2.2 Trainings
2.3 Arts and Human Rights
2.3.1 Scope of Protection
2.3.2 Cultural Rights and Cultural Heritage Protection
2.4 Member States
2.4.1 Specialised Law Enforcement Units
2.4.2 Customs Cooperation
2.4.3 Current Developments
2.5 Enlargement: The Western Balkans
2.5.1 Legal Framework
2.5.2 Albania

3 Cases, Scenarios and Questions
3.1 Background
3.1.1 Tasks and Objectives
3.1.2 First Indications and Initial Links
3.2 Getting to the Core
3.2.1 Pseudo-Judaica and the like .all over the place (any)
3.2.2 The fakest Fake of Fakes - But which one? If any, at all?
3.2.3 To Whom these Bells Toll
3.2.4 My Precious!
3.2.5 Illegally excavated Originals, aren't they?

Conclusive Summary

About the Authors

Sources

Inhalt:

Einleitung

Teil I: Von der Täterorientierung zur Restorative Justice
1 Das Opfer während und nach der Straftat – eine vernachlässigte Gruppe?
1.1 Die Situation der Opfer in Deutschland
1.2 Folgen der Straftat für das Opfer
1.3 Bedürfnisse und Opfererwartungen nach der Straftat

2 Die Resozialisierung des Täters – gescheitert?
2.1 Folgen der Straftat für den Verursacher: Strafvollzug
2.2 Wirkungen von Strafe und Strafvollzug
2.3 Einsicht und Verantwortungsübernahme zur Verhinderung eines Rückfalls
2.4 Notwendigkeit einer alternativen Methode?

3 Restorative Justice – die Lösung?
3.1 Wiederherstellung von Gerechtigkeit durch Wiedergutmachung
3.2 Bedeutung der Begegnung – direkt und/oder indirekt
4 Aktuelle Handhabung in Deutschland

Teil II: Empirische Forschung 

Table of Contents:

Summary

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Research Significance
1.3 Literature Review
1.4 Research Methods
1.5 Innovation and Limitations

Chapter 2 Basic Concepts and Theoretical Foundations
2.1 The Journey of Predictive Policing
2.2 Risks in Predictive Policing
2.3 The Regulation of Risk

Chapter 3 The Risk of Prediction Accuracy in Predictive Policing
3.1 The Nature of the Risk of Prediction Accuracy
3.2 Causes of the Risk of Predictive Accuracy
3.3 Consequences of the Risk of Predictive Accuracy

Chapter 4 The Risk of Service Normativity in Predictive Policing
4.1 The Nature of the Risk of Service Normativity
4.2 Causes of the Risk of Service Normativity
4.3 Consequences of the Risk of Service Normativity

Chapter 5 The Risk of Social Adaptability in Predictive Policing
5.1 The Nature of the Risk of Social Adaptability
5.2 Causes of the Risk of Social Adaptability
5.3 Consequences of the Risk of Social Adaptability

Chapter 6 Risk Regulation in Predictive Policing
6.1 Core Principles of Risk Regulation in Predictive Policing
6.2 Technical Approaches of Risk Regulation in Predictive Policing
6.3 Normative Approaches of Risk Regulation in Predictive Policing
6.4 Ethical Approaches of Risk Regulation in Predictive Policing

Conclusion

Reference